Chapter 3 Homework.

1) What is the difference between the Puritans and the Separatists? All Puritans were separatists, but not all separatists were Puritans. A separatist was any one who did not want to a part of the Church of England they wanted to be Separate. The came to the New World the US did not exist at the time. It was a colony of England. They came here to escape persecution in England because of their religious beliefs. In England at the time it was treason to be a separatist.

2) What did King James dislike the two groups? He disliked them because god was their only king. They were self-righteous, non-conformists with a holier than thou attitude. They wanted to stay separate, so the rest of the heathen population wouldn’t infect them and especially their children.

3) What is the importance of the Mayflower Compact? The Mayflower Compact that the Pilgrims signed in 1620 is the first example of many colonial plans for self-government. The Pilgrim leaders knew they needed rules to govern themselves if they were going to survive the new colony they were about to form. The Mayflower Compact was based on majority rule and the Pilgrims even allowed those who were not Pilgrims to take part in the process. They agreed to choose their leaders and make their own laws, which they would agree to follow.

4) What advantages did the Massachusetts Bay Colony have on its arrival in the New World? They had advanced weaponry.

5) What type of government was established in Massachusetts Bay? Massachusetts Bay Colony was formed by "The New England Company for a Plantation in Massachusetts Bay" in 1628, including some original colonists from the failed Cape Ann fishing settlement of 1624. The colony was considered self-governing, under the leadership of John Endecott and then John Winthrop (1630), because the emigrated directors bought out those who did not travel to America (the Cambridge Agreement of 1629).

6) Why was Anne Hutchinson removed from Massachusetts?  Roger Williams? Roger Williams - Williams's search for the spiritually pure congregation eventually led him to a conviction that the world was so deeply sinful that it would not be redeemed until Christ's return. In view of the world's unredeemable state, all a Christian could do was to keep his spiritual life uncontaminated by the world's evil. This view put Williams at odds with the Massachusetts Puritans, who, because they thought their whole society was being redeemed, maintained that civil authority must protect churches.

Banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his beliefs, including his support for religious toleration and the rights of Indians and his opposition to civil authority, he established Providence, Rhode Island on land purchased from the Narragansett Indians.

Anne Hutchinson - she roused controversy with her criticisms of some ministers and her interpretations of Christian doctrine, including her emphasis on personal revelation over classical church rites. In 1637 John Winthrop, who had replaced Vane as governor, put Hutchinson on trial for heresy. He charged her with violating the Bible's commandment to "honor thy father and mother," arguing that Hutchinson had undermined the fathers of the church with her preaching. Although Hutchinson ably defended herself in court, she was banished from the colony as being unfit for society. She settled in Rhode Island, where she and her husband helped found Portsmouth.

7) Why was Rhode Island established?  Why was it unique? Rhode Island was settled by colonists who were forced out of Massachusetts. The First of these was Roger Williams, a minister. Williams felt that people should not be persecuted for their religious practices. In his view the government should not force people to worship in a certain way. Williams also believed it was wrong for settlers to take land away from the natives. The ideas of Roger Williams caused him in 1635 to be banished by Massachusett's leaders. in 1636, he fled south and founded Rhode Island.

8) What were the fundamental orders of Connecticut?                  1. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that there shall be yearly two General Assemblies or Courts, the one the second Thursday in April, the other the second Thursday in September following; the first shall be called the Court of Election, wherein shall be yearly chosen from time to time, so many Magistrates and other public Officers as shall be found requisite: Whereof one to be chosen Governor for the year ensuing and until another be chosen, and no other Magistrate to be chosen for more than one year: provided always there be six chosen besides the Governor, which being chosen and sworn according to an Oath recorded for that purpose, shall have the power to administer justice according to the Laws here established, and for want thereof, according to the Rule of the Word of God; which choice shall be made by all that are admitted freemen and have taken the Oath of Fidelity, and do cohabit within this Jurisdiction having been admitted Inhabitants by the major part of the Town wherein they live or the major part of such as shall be then present.

2. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that the election of the aforesaid Magistrates shall be in this manner: every person present and qualified for choice shall bring in (to the person deputed to receive them) one single paper with the name of him written in it whom he desires to have Governor, and he that hath the greatest number of papers shall be Governor for that year. And the rest of the Magistrates or public officers to be chosen in this manner: the Secretary for the time being shall first read the names of all that are to be put to choice and then shall severally nominate them distinctly, and every one that would have the person nominated to be chosen shall bring in one single paper written upon, and he that would not have him chosen shall bring in a blank; and every one that hath more written papers than blanks shall be a Magistrate for that year; which papers shall be received and told by one or more that shall be then chosen by the court and sworn to be faithful therein; but in case there should not be six chosen as aforesaid, besides the Governor, out of those which are nominated, than he or they which have the most writen papers shall be a Magistrate or Magistrates for the ensuing year, to make up the aforesaid number.

3. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that the Secretary shall not nominate any person, nor shall any person be chosen newly into the Magistracy which was not propounded in some General Court before, to be nominated the next election; and to that end it shall be lawful for each of the Towns aforesaid by their deputies to nominate any two whom they conceive fit to be put to election; and the Court may add so many more as they judge requisite.

4. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that no person be chosen Governor above once in two years, and that the Governor be always a member of some approved Congregation, and formerly of the Magistracy within this Jurisdiction; and that all the Magistrates, Freemen of this Commonwealth; and that no Magistrate or other public officer shall execute any part of his or their office before they are severally sworn, which shall be done in the face of the court if they be present, and in case of absence by some deputed for that purpose.

5. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that to the aforesaid Court of Election the several Towns shall send their deputies, and when the Elections are ended they may proceed in any public service as at other Courts. Also the other General Court in September shall be for making of laws, and any other public occasion, which concerns the good of the Commonwealth.

6. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that the Governor shall, either by himself or by the Secretary, send out summons to the Constables of every Town for the calling of these two standing Courts one month at least before their several times: And also if the Governor and the greatest part of the Magistrates see cause upon any special occasion to call a General Court, they may give order to the Secretary so to do within fourteen days warning: And if urgent necessity so require, upon a shorter notice, giving sufficient grounds for it to the deputies when they meet, or else be questioned for the same; And if the Governor and major part of Magistrates shall either neglect or refuse to call the two General standing Courts or either of them, as also at other times when the occasions of the Commonwealth require, the Freemen thereof, or the major part of them, shall petition to them so to do; if then it be either denied or neglected, the said Freemen, or the major part of them, shall have the power to give order to the Constables of the several Towns to do the same, and so may meet together, and choose to themselves a Moderator, and may proceed to do any act of power which any other General Courts may.

7. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that after there are warrants given out for any of the said General Courts, the Constable or Constables of each Town, shall forthwith give notice distinctly to the inhabitants of the same, in some public assembly or by going or sending from house to house, that at a place and time by him or them limited and set, they meet and assemble themselves together to elect and choose certain deputies to be at the General Court then following to agitate the affairs of the Commonwealth; which said deputies shall be chosen by all that are admitted Inhabitants in the several Towns and have taken the oath of fidelity; provided that none be chosen a Deputy for any General Court which is not a Freeman of this Commonwealth. The aforesaid deputies shall be chosen in manner following: every person that is present and qualified as before expressed, shall bring the names of such, written in several papers, as they desire to have chosen for that employment, and these three or four, more or less, being the number agreed on to be chosen for that time, that have the greatest number of papers written for them shall be deputies for that Court; whose names shall be endorsed on the back side of the warrant and returned into the Court, with the Constable or Constables' hand unto the same.

8. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield shall have power, each Town, to send four of their Freemen as their deputies to every General Court; and Whatsoever other Town shall be hereafter added to this Jurisdiction, they shall send so many deputies as the Court shall judge meet, a reasonable proportion to the number of Freemen that are in the said Towns being to be attended therein; which deputies shall have the power of the whole Town to give their votes and allowance to all such laws and orders as may be for the public good, and unto which the said Towns are to be bound.

9. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that the deputies thus chosen shall have power and liberty to appoint a time and a place of meeting together before any General Court, to advise and consult of all such things as may concern the good of the public, as also to examine their own Elections, whether according to the order, and if they or the greatest part of them find any election to be illegal they may seclude such for present from their meeting, and return the same and their reasons to the Court; and if it be proved true, the Court may fine the party or parties so intruding, and the Town, if they see cause, and give out a warrant to go to a new election in a legal way, either in part or in whole. Also the said deputies shall have power to fine any that shall be disorderly at their meetings, or for not coming in due time or place according to appointment; and they may return the said fines into the Court if it be refused to be paid, and the Treasurer to take notice of it, and to escheat or levy the same as he does other fines.

10. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that every General Court, except such as through neglect of the Governor and the greatest part of the Magistrates the Freemen themselves do call, shall consist of the Governor, or some one chosen to moderate the Court, and four other Magistrates at least, with the major part of the deputies of the several Towns legally chosen; and in case the Freemen, or major part of them, through neglect or refusal of the Governor and major part of the Magistrates, shall call a Court, it shall consist of the major part of Freemen that are present or their deputies, with a Moderator chosen by them: In which said General Courts shall consist the supreme power of the Commonwealth, and they only shall have power to make laws or repeal them, to grant levies, to admit of Freemen, dispose of lands undisposed of, to several Towns or persons, and also shall have power to call either Court or Magistrate or any other person whatsoever into question for any misdemeanor, and may for just causes displace or deal otherwise according to the nature of the offense; and also may deal in any other matter that concerns the good of this Commonwealth, except the election of Magistrates, which shall be done by the whole body of Freemen. In which Court the Governor or Moderator shall have power to order the Court, to give liberty of speech, and silence unseasonable and disorderly speakings, to put all things to vote, and in case the vote be equal to have the casting voice. But none of these Courts shall be adjourned or dissolved without the consent of the major part of the Court.

11. It is Ordered, sentenced, and decreed, that when any General Court upon the occasions of the Commonwealth have agreed upon any sum, or sums of money to be levied upon the several Towns within this Jurisdiction, that a committee be chosen to set out and appoint what shall be the proportion of every Town to pay of the said levy, provided the committee be made up of an equal number out of each Town.

9) How were relations between New England settlers and the

Native Americans? Good at first, and horrible afterwards.

10) What was the significance of King Phillip's War? It pretty much ended the sovereignty for Indian Nations in New England.

11) What was the New England Confederation? It was the organization of four American colonies. In 1643 delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth met to solve trade, boundary, and religious disputes and to form a common defense against the French, Dutch, and Indians. They drew up articles of agreement and established a directorate of eight commissioners. The confederation was weakened by its advisory status and by the 1665 merger of Connecticut and New Haven. It was active in King Phillips War but dissolved in 1684 when the Massachusetts charter was revoked.

12) Why did the Dutch settle in New Amsterdam? They settled in New Amsterdam to expand their economy.

13) How did the English come to rule New York? England got that city and the whole Dutch colony in November 1674 under the treaty ending the Anglo-Dutch War.

14) Why did Penn establish Pennsylvania? William Penn was a Quaker. While most Quakers at this time were from the lower socio-economic class in Great Britain, Penn was educated and wealthy. He used his prestige and influence to moderate some of the Quaker's extravagant practices. He also proposed to provide them a refuge in the New World, via the establishment of a colony, since Quakers were persecuted in Great Britain because of their beliefs. William Penn envisioned Pennsylvania not only as a "Holy Experiment" where all faiths would be welcomed to settle, but also as a means to increase his wealth. Quakers did not believe on imposing their faith on other people. This was known as possessing an "Inner Light." Thus, the colony of Pennsylvania prospered from the start as people of varying faiths settled there and brought their labor, ideas, and talents to the new colony. Unlike most of the other colonies, Pennsylvania remained a refuge for persecuted sects, and it was one of the most cosmopolitan of the colonies.

15) What were the similarities among the Middle Colonies?  Differences? Middle Colonies:

-Had fertile soil and long growing seasons.

-Used the rivers for transportation and trade but also roads.

-Grew large amounts of grains(rye, oats, barley, wheat) as cash crops.

-cities developed along the coasts.

-Wealthiest people owned large farms and other businesses.

-Most farmers produced only a small surplus for selling.

-Tenant farmers rented land from large land owners or worked for wages.

Southern Colonies

-Agriculture was the primary focus of their society.

-favorable climate and soil for crops.

-wide, navigable rivers made cities and road unnecessary.

-Tobacco, indigo and rice were grown as cash crops.

-wealthy elite controlled most of the land.

-cash crops needed a large amount of manual labor.

-workers were indentured servants from Britain and later African slaves.

You can see the comparisons and contrasts in the lists above. Keep in mind that the Middle Colonies served as a combination of characteristics of New England and Southern Colonies due to their ties to business and agriculture. Hope